The preprocessor allows us to customize the language. For example to replace { and } of C language to begin and end as block-statement delimiters…

Theoretically, the “preprocessor” is a translation phase that is applied to the source code before the compiler gets its hands on it. The C Preprocessor…

A string in C is an array of characters ending in the null character (written as ‘\0′), which specifies where the string terminates in memory….

The way there can be an array of integers or an array of float numbers, similarly, there can be an array of pointers too. Since…

C allows multidimensional arrays, lays them out in memory as contiguous locations, and does more behind the scenes address arithmetic. Consider a 2-dimensional array. int…

Pointers and arrays are so closely related. An array declaration such as int arr[ 5 ] will lead the compiler to pick an address to…

A function can also return a pointer to the calling program, the way it returns an int, a float or any other data type. To…

Using call by reference method we can make a function return more than one value at a time, which is not possible in the call…

Arguments can generally be passed to functions in one of the two following ways: 1. Pass by value method 2. Pass by reference method In…

Pointer variables can also be used in arithmetic expressions. The following operations can be carried out on pointers: 1.Pointers can be incremented or decremented to…

It does make sense to assign an integer value to a pointer variable. An exception is an assignment of 0, which is sometimes used to…

The concept of the pointer can be extended further. As we have seen earlier, a pointer variable can be assigned the address of an ordinary…

We have seen that &qty returns the address of qty and this address can be stored in a variable as shown below: ptr = &qty;…

Now we will consider how to determine the address of a variable. The operator that is available in C for this purpose is “&” (address of…

Computer’s memory is made up of a sequential collection of storage cells called bytes. Each byte has a number called an address associated with it….

If you want to be proficient in the writing of code in the C programming language, you must have a thorough working knowledge of how…

Individual union members can be used in the same way as the structure members, by using the member operator or dot operator (.). However, there…

Structures are a way of grouping homogeneous data together. But it often happens that at any time we require only one of the member’s data….

Thus far we have studied as to how the data of heterogeneous nature can be grouped together and be referenced as a single unit of…

C is a structured programming language and the basic concept in it is the modularity of the programs. This concept is supported by the functions…